The ability of routine regeneration of complete plants from in vitro tissue cultures considers as an important factor in the improvement of wheat species transformation techniques, more than twenty cultivated species are included in wheat, but extensive investigations efforts have been given mostly to bread and durum wheat, due to their dominance in the world production. While Artuklu and Sarıçanak-98 cultivars had the highest drought tolerance, Çakmak-79, Çeşit-1252, Eminbey and Kunduru-1149 cultivars were sensitive to drought and Triticum dicoccum, which is an important gene source, was also sensitive. According to the results, there was a significant decrease in all parameters examined with the increase of drought stress. Using these parameters, stress tolerance index, stress sensitivity index and tolerance index values of durum wheat genotypes were calculated. During the experiments, after the callus was formed with the endosperm supported mature embryo culture, regeneration capacity and plantlets they formed were evaluated by applying different levels of drought stress to the callus.
In the trials, 5 different PEG 6000 doses were administered to induce drought stress with rates of 0 (control),-0.50 bar,-1.48 bar,-2.95 bar and-4.91 bar. In this research, to create drought stress, high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) was used. The responses of these genotypes to different drought stress levels were determined in vitro. In this study, a total of 12 genotypes were used, including 1 hulled emmer and 11 registered ones which are important as genetic resources and for durum wheat cultivation. Species have a high regeneration capacity, and therefore, can be used as an effective explant source for the successful application of biotechnology in crop improvement. Our results showed that, generally, mature embryos of some = 0.740), while there was no significant correlation between callus induction frequency and culture efficiency ( Weight of callus was significantly correlated with regeneration capacity ( In the experiment, callus induction was significantly correlated with callus weight ( Had the highest regeneration capacity of callus.Ĭreated the most regenerable calli because of the highest callus induction and culture efficiency. A significant genotypic effect was observed on the culture responses. Sp.) were compared, significant differences were detected in callus induction frequency, weight of callus, regeneration capacity and culture efficiency. When mature embryos of 12 wheat progenitors (
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The developed calli and regenerated plants were maintained on 2,4-D free MS medium. The excised embryos were placed scutellum upwards in dishes containing 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction. Embryos were excised from imbibed seeds of the progenitors. In this study, a set of 12 wheat progenitors were screened for tissue culture parameters such as callus induction, callus weight, regeneration capacity of callus and callus efficiency using mature embryos. The considerable increase in the number of transgenic crops reveals the value of new plant genetic resources. It is known that genetic diversity is the most important factor in classical and modern plant breeding.
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